Cosa causa i problemi climatici?
L’effetto serra naturale della Terra è necessario per la vita, ma a causa dell’attività umana nell’atmosfera finisce troppo gas che trattiene il calore. Le prove scientifiche mostrano che il moderno riscaldamento globale è causato principalmente dall’attività umana, non dai cambiamenti dell’attività del Sole (NASA, n.d.).
Dalla rivoluzione industriale, gli esseri umani hanno rilasciato nell’atmosfera grandi quantità di anidride carbonica e altri gas serra, che hanno causato cambiamenti significativi nel clima della Terra (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], n.d.).
I cambiamenti climatici causano in tutto il mondo fenomeni sempre più frequenti e più forti, come ondate di calore pericolose, inondazioni, tempeste e siccità (United Nations, n.d.).
Conseguenze dei cambiamenti climatici
- siccità intense
- mancanza d’acqua
- incendi boschivi
- innalzamento del livello del mare e inondazioni
- scioglimento del ghiaccio polare
- tempeste forti
- diminuzione della biodiversità
Soluzioni ai problemi climatici
Energia a idrogeno
Treni Maglev
Energie rinnovabili
- energia eolica
- energia marina (onde, maree)
- energia idroelettrica
- energia geotermica
- bioenergia
English version
What causes climate problems?
The Earth’s natural greenhouse effect is essential for life, but due to human activity, too many heat-trapping gases are released into the atmosphere. Scientific evidence shows that today’s global warming is caused primarily by human activity, not by changes in solar activity (NASA, n.d.).
Since the Industrial Revolution, people have emitted large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, causing significant changes in Earth’s climate (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], n.d.).
Climate change is causing increasingly frequent and intense phenomena around the world, such as dangerous heatwaves, floods, storms and droughts (United Nations, n.d.).
Consequences of climate change
Climate change does not only mean that the world is getting warmer — that is just the beginning. When the climate in one area changes, it affects the entire ecosystem. According to the UN, the consequences of climate change include:
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intense droughts
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water scarcity
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wildfires
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sea-level rise and flooding
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polar ice melt
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severe storms
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loss of biodiversity
(United Nations, n.d.)
One of the most well-known consequences of global warming is the rapid melting of polar ice in Antarctica. According to the British Antarctic Survey, the ice is melting so quickly that a variety of simple plants — mosses, fungi, lichens and liverworts — are now growing in the region. Antarctica, once known as a cold and icy continent, is becoming increasingly biodiverse due to warming (British Antarctic Survey, n.d.).
Solutions to climate problems
Hydrogen energy
Hydrogen is one of the most promising fuels of the future, as its combustion produces only water. This makes hydrogen very environmentally friendly. Currently, it is not widely used because transporting hydrogen is complicated and the substance can be explosive. Widespread adoption would require new production and transport networks.
Maglev trains
China is developing high-speed magnetic-levitation trains that can reach speeds of up to 1,000 km/h — faster than passenger airplanes. These trains run entirely on electricity and may, in the future, replace part of air travel, helping to reduce fuel use and environmental impacts. Because the trains do not touch the tracks, they generate less noise and vibration (Postimees, 2024; Interesting Engineering, 2021).
Renewable energy
Renewable energies include:
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solar energy
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wind energy
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ocean energy (waves, tides)
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hydropower
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geothermal energy
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bioenergy
Using renewable energy helps reduce the burning of fossil fuels and the amount of greenhouse gases.
DNA freezing
In some countries, the DNA of species at risk of extinction is frozen. If a species disappears, the genetic material can help to restore it at least partially.
Seed banks
To protect food supplies in case of climate disasters, countries store seeds of their crop plants in seed banks. One of the most famous is the Svalbard Seed Vault (pictured) in Norway. The seeds are kept under extremely controlled conditions so that important plant and food species will not be lost even in the event of major catastrophes.
Sources
British Antarctic Survey. (n.d.). Plants in Antarctica.
Interesting Engineering. (2021). China unveils 621 mph maglev train with 5G.
NASA. (n.d.). Global climate change: Vital signs of the planet.
Postimees. (2024). China’s big plans: a train that speeds faster than an airplane on a magnetic cushion.
United Nations. (n.d.). What is climate change
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Causes of climate change.
Photos: Renato Granieri/Alamy & Jim Richardson/NG/Alamy
Elise, Liise, and Rosanna, students of Tartu Raatuse School, Grade 8

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